Explore Sanitation

Welcome to our new YouTube series brought to you by CAWST and Opero Services

These videos show you how to construct stabilized soil lining for a latrine pit in sandy soil or unstable soil.

This behaviour change intervention promoted cleaning and regular maintenance of toilets in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy Toilets."

Use these activities and games to facilitate group understanding of water, sanitation, and hygiene.

A collection of short e-learning tools and job aids to guide sanitation officials regarding emptying, transport and treatment/disposal (fecal sludge management) appropriate for humanitarian contexts.

This poster set includes water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) posters to teach about good WASH practices, including household water treatment technologies.

Stop Microbes Poster Set

This collection of competency frameworks can be used by individuals and organizations in two main ways: Assess job performance and compare it against defined standards Identify potential areas for professional development to improve overall performance Competencies are the abilities required to perform specific tasks and express specific knowledge. CAWST’s competency frameworks use behavioural or task-based competencies in combination with knowledge components.

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for the Latrine Program Design workshop. This workshop provides an overview of the six components of a successful latrine program: stakeholder engagement, demand creation, products and services, finances, capacity development, and monitoring. After participating in this workshop, participants will be able to design or strengthen a latrine program for their context. They will have a greater awareness of factors influencing behaviour change and will be better equipped to support correct, consistent, and continued use of latrines in the communities they serve. This workshop is for latrine program decision makers.

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for the Latrine Design and Construction workshop. This five day workshop is designed for latrine project implementers and masons. In this workshop, participants will learn how to design and construct latrines for low-income communities not connected to a sewerage system. The focus is on designing latrines that are technically and environmentally appropriate, and that people will actually want and use.

These workshop materials contain the resources for both trainers and participants for CAWST and Eawag-Sandec's Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) workshop. Workshop participants may also download the book Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation at www.sandec.ch/fsm_book.

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for the Environmental Sanitation workshop. This two-three day workshop is designed for WASH, community development and health organizations. The workshop explores the relationship between environmental sanitation, disease transmission and health. It addresses technical topics such as human excreta management including different latrine designs; animal excreta management; solid waste management; vector control for mosquitos and rodents; and domestic wastewater management.

This poster set includes instructional posters as well as tools for behavior change communication.

This workshop is intended to support people who facilitate WASH awareness workshops. It is based on the practical experience of the Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) and the Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST). It has been developed specifically for the context of Nepal. The lessons are for WASH promoters and work well for participants with low levels of literacy. Each lesson comes with the materials needed or instructions on how to build the necessary materials.

This workshop, 2 days training on Total Sanitation, is the first in a series targeting the community who has achieved the ODF situation. This training is the level after declaration of ODF. The workshop uses participatory methods to cover the Concept and Importance of Total Sanitation, Components of Total Sanitation, Water quality, Points of Use options, importance and safe use of latrine, household Sanitation, Hygiene, Key message on Total Sanitation, and Tips on communicating with groups.

This workshop is especially designed targeting total sanitation in community. With the whim of attaining open defecation free, the focus is shifted in constructing latrine; the quantitative goal only. However, this workshop is more focused on WASH details and headed to achieve safe water, improved sanitation, proper hygiene and their sustainability. Along with total sanitation, the flavor of delivering effective training adds up more weightage in training, with knowledge enhance the knowledge as well as skill of the trainer.

This collection is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on Emergency WASH for volunteers in the context of Nepal. It was developed following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. It includes lesson plans, agendas, and guidance on training delivery.

Water Safety Planning

This collection is intended to support people who facilitate WASH in School. It is based on the practical experience of the Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) and the Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST). It has been developed specifically for the context of Nepal.

These workshop materials contain the resources for the Community WASH Promotion workshop. The role of the Community WASH Promoter is essential for the successful implementation of any household water treatment, sanitation, or hygiene (WASH) project. Through this workshop, participants will gain a clear understanding of the best practices for supporting community members in changing their behaviours of WASH practices with the aim of achieving improved community livelihoods.

This is an introductory level workshop that was co-developed with our partners in Afghanistan at DACAAR. This workshop is for those who are just starting to work in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene sector. It covers the basic of WASH which include topics of disease transmission, household water treatment, solid waste management, vector control, sanitation, hygiene, and behaviour change.

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants on menstrual hygiene management. These materials are designed for organizations introducing menstrual hygiene management.

This poster set includes water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) posters to teach about good WASH practices, including some household water treatment technologies. This poster set was designed with images of the HydrAid, plastic biosand filter.

The technical brief, developed by OPERO Services and CAWST, provides an in-depth overview of the Gulper, a manually-operated pump designed for emptying wet or partially wet pit latrines.

This poster was created by the Haitian government using CAWST's images to educate people about how to prevent cholera.

Mapping trends in rural and decentralized sanitation projects in Colombia

This video shows how to construct a Stabilized Soil Lining for latrine pits in sandy soil in Liberia, West Africa.

Use this activity to show how toilets look around the world. This activity was used as part of a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular toilet maintenance in Nepal.

This hands-on lesson challenges students to use simple materials and design a technology to address a water, sanitation or hygiene issue faced by people living in developing countries. In this lesson students assess their designs using real-world criteria to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of their solutions.

This hands-on lesson challenges students to use simple materials and design a technology to address a water, sanitation or hygiene issue faced by people living in developing countries. In this lesson students assess their designs using real-world criteria to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of their solutions.

Through this lesson, you will learn how to make sure the emptying and transport services being provided to camps meet or exceed the minimum requirements.

Learn how to conduct a simple jar test to assess the soil composition that will help you determine an appropriate pit lining to prevent collapse.

In this fictional scenario, you will take on the role of a consultant that has been called in to evaluate the current sanitation situation at a camp. Through the evaluation, you will learn how to avoid common pitfalls associated with fecal sludge management for latrines built during a humanitarian crisis.

Take this quiz to learn the common factors that can impact how quickly latrine pits will fill.

If your latrine pits are filling quicker than you anticipated, use this list of critical points to understand what can be behind it.

Use this checklist to ensure that the critical points required for safe practice are met for the removal, transport and disposal of fecal sludge.

Competency framework for emptying service provision

Good sanitation habits prevent transmission of microbes (latrines, soak pits, fences, waste disposal).

Use a latrine and fences to stop the transmission of microbes from faeces.

Time taken to assess soil stability before building the latrines is time well spent. This job aid shows you how to conduct a simple jar test to assess the soil composition.

15 questions to ask yourself when choosing a location to site a latrine, particularly to access for emptying.

The video explains timer shoring and how it can be used in latrine pit excavation

Make your next pit digging job easier and safer by keeping these tips for digging in mind

This video explains how to build a concrete dome slab for a pit latrine

This video shows how a pit dug in sandy soil can be lined using the Stabilized Soil Method

Learn how to use the excavated soil from a latrine pit to construct a durable lining that will prevent pit collapse

Support a latrine pit that is prone to collapse using this rebar, wire and fabric lining

This video demonstrates how to construct a steel reinforced concrete slab for a pit latrine

This video demonstrates how to use a plumb bob to keep your latrine pit walls straight.

Participants learn how to select appropriate capacity development activities for latrine program stakeholders.

Participants learn how to select appropriate activities to create demand for a latrine program.

This is a pre-workshop questionnaire template to find out more about the participants in your Latrine Program Design workshop.

This questionnaire is to be handed out at the end of the workshop to give the trainer constructive feedback on the workshop

This is a template of how to display the results of your final evaluations

This participant agenda outlines a 3.5 day workshop including lessons and modules.

This participant list template is a tool that will help you keep a database of participant information for your Latrine Program Design Workshop

This outline describes the content, objectives and audience for the workshop: Latrine Program Design

This is a workshop report template that will guide you in writing a professional report of your Latrine Program Design Workshop.

This is a template of certificates for participants after completing the Latrine Program Design Workshop.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Monitoring in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Products and Services in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Demand Creation in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Finances in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Workshop Introduction in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Stakeholder Engagement in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan Capacity Development in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support the teachings of the Program Design Framework in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This presentation is used with “Lesson Plan 4: Introduction to Understanding Behaviour” in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

This document provides suggested activities and questions for completing the Panau Village mystery.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on latrine program design. It includes lesson and module plans on stakeholder engagement, demand creation, products and services, finances, capacity development and monitoring.

This document provides suggested activities and questions for understanding our program design framework.

Participants learn about designing a financial plan for a latrine program.

Participants learn about the process of designing a monitoring system for a latrine program

Participants learn how to select appropriate stakeholder engagement activities for latrine program stakeholders.

Participants learn how to strengthen a supply chain for a latrine program.

This lesson opens the workshop and sets the tone for the training and learning environment by using a variety of participatory activities. Participants have an opportunity to meet the trainer, host organization and other participants, as well as create their ground rules for how they are expected to work together during the workshop. The trainer has the opportunity to better understand the participant’s background, assess their knowledge and skills, and determine their learning expectations.

This document provides suggested activities and questions for understanding behaviour.

This handout helps participants organize ideas, record notes, and design components of a latrine program throughout the workshop. It includes a self-assessment table, graphic organizers, and an action planning page. Participants can take this workbook home with them at the end of the workshop, to help them remember what they learned and what they committed to do with their new knowledge and skills.

This poster offers quick tips for sanitation professionals (including emptiers) on how to keep themselves and their clients safe and healthy during the COVID-19 outbreak.

This technical brief summarizes what is known about COVID-19 and sanitation, including the risks related to exposure to wastewater and fecal sludge, and offers tips on how to safely continue offering latrine and septic tank emptying services during the outbreak.

This document provides suggested activities and questions for daily opening and closing activities.

This lesson closes the workshop by having participants reflect on their learning, conduct a self-assessment, review the learning outcomes, and complete a final evaluation. The workshop certificates are distributed to the participants and closing remarks are made.

Review the formative research findings and design brief for a behaviour change intervention promoting the behaviours to regularly clean and maintain toilets in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy toilets!"

This facilitator (triggerer) toolkit was used for a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular toilet maintenance in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy Toilets."

This facilitator diary was used during a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular maintenance of toilets in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy Toilets."

These rating cards were used as part of a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular toilet maintenance in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy Toilets."

This poster was used to show the process for achieving "Happy Toilets". It was used as part of a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular toilet maintenance in Nepal. The intervention is called, "Happy Toilets."

This sticker was given to households to celebrate their "Happy Toilet". It was used as part of a behaviour change intervention to promote cleaning and regular toilet maintenance in Nepal.

Provides an overview of CAWST's sanitation resources on Environmental Sanitation, Latrine Design and Construction, Fecal Sludge Management, and Sanitation Project Implementation. It also includes a glossary of definitions, measurement conversions, guidance on CAWST training and consulting support, and additional sanitation resources.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

Get a latrine: Protect your community

How to site a latrine

What to do when your latrine is full

No solid waste in latrine

Poop in hole

Get a latrine: Be proud

How to manage children feces

Get a latrine: Want privacy and comfort

Is your septic tank full poster

Get a latrine: Keep your community clean poster

Don't put solid waste in your latrine: Emptiers will be angry poster

Health and safety for emptiers

Maintain your latrine poster

Get a latrine: Be a good neighbour

How to build a latrine poster

This technical brief defines capacity development and explains the process of designing a capacity development plan for a latrine program.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan The Goal of a Latrine Program in the Latrine Program Design Trainer Manual.

The purpose of the activity is to conduct a capacity assessment of masons and a sanitation business. One group is the masons and the other group is the sanitation business. Both groups will play the role of consultants conducting a capacity assessment. A consultant pairs with a mason or an individual from the sanitation business and interviews them to identify their capacity needs. After the interviews, consultants regroup and discuss their findings.

This technical brief describes the process of creating a monitoring system for a latrine program.

The purpose of the activity is to identify stakeholders and analyze their power/interest for a latrine program.

This lesson defines a latrine program goal. It also explains behaviour change.

This technical brief identifies stakeholders of a latrine program and describes how to analyze and engage these stakeholders.

This technical brief describes latrine products and services. It also explores how to strengthen a latrine supply chain.

This technical brief identifies the costs of a latrine program and who pays for these costs.

This technical brief describes how to create demand for a latrine program.

In this lesson plan participant will get the information on importance of household sanitation.

In the workshop closing, participants review what they learned and evaluate the workshop. The final closing is an opportunity to consolidate participants’ learning, gather feedback, and celebrate successes.

In the workshop closing, participants review what they learned and evaluate the workshop. The final closing is an opportunity to consolidate participants’ learning, gather feedback and celebrate successes.

In this lesson plan, participant will get the information on different types of water purification options.

The focus of this lesson is to identify the gap in sanitation system and essential activities to make effective sanitation system. Latrine use is another concern of this lesson.

This lesson plan explains Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) and its components, describes different treatment options, and suggests locally applicable faecal sludge management options.

The focus of this lesson is to outline important considerations for latrine use during and after emergency situations. Participants will discuss the increased importance of sanitation as disaster relief transitions to recovery, and explore strategies for the successful management of sanitation issues.

The focus of this lesson is to outline the important considerations for excreta management and temporary latrine siting and construction during emergency situations. Participants will discuss the increased importance of sanitation during disasters and select appropriate technologies for temporary disaster relief.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering 3-day training on Total Sanitation in the context of Nepal. It includes lesson plans, agendas, and guidance on training delivery.

This lesson describes about safe water and clean water. It highlight on drinking water protection from the point of origin to the end.

This lesson focuses on the sustainability of total sanitation after attaining it in the community and understanding the need of sustainable total sanitation. Also, the lesson plan focuses on the interventions to be considered to sustain total sanitation.

This lesson plan focuses on describing water safety plan and its implementation steps along with focusing on importance of the disaster / climate resilient water safety plan.

In this lesson plan, participants will get a vision on Total Sanitation and its importance. It also focuses on the roles and responsibilities of individuals (PNGOs, field mobilizer).

The focus of this lesson is to identify and explain types of waste and describe its different management techniques and practices.

The focus of this lesson is to know the total sanitation approach and its 5+1 indicators. Also understand the water, sanitation and hygiene status: National, International and local as well.

In this lesson plan, participant will acquire the tips to communicate in the group.

This lesson focuses on describing indoor air pollution, main causes of air pollution inside house. This lesson plan also discuss impacts of indoor air pollution and identifies the 4 possible solutions to mitigate the indoor air pollution.

The focus of this lesson is to explain safe water and differentiate clean water and filthy water.

This lesson focuses on providing participants with critical information about hand washing and maintaining hygiene during menstruation along with personal hygiene and food hygiene. Participants will explore issues and also identify strategies to resolve those issues and maintain good hygienic practices.

The focus of this lesson is to share the importance of water conservation, various techniques to conserve water along with use of alternate source of water; rain water as a solution to water scarcity.

In this lesson plan, participant will get the key message on water, sanitation, hygiene, safe and hygienic food, kitchen management.

In this lesson plan, participants find the main components of total sanitation and the sub-components that are under the main components of the total sanitation.

The focus of the introduction is to create a safe learning environment and provide an overview of the coming two days. During the introduction participants meet each other, discuss how they will work together during the workshop, develop a list of expectations, and learn about the agenda.

In this lesson plan participant will identify the medium of communicable disease transmission, identify different types of latrine and its necessity for safe disposal of feces.

This lesson plan is to focus on the WASH plan and policy formed by government of Nepal and to familiarize it.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering 2-day training on Total Sanitation in the context of Nepal. It includes lesson plans, agendas, and guidance on training delivery.

This lesson plan contains a review for day one of the workshop. The review activities allow participants an opportunity to practice what they learned during the day.

The focus of the introduction is to create a safe learning environment and provide an overview of the coming three days. During the introduction participants meet each other, discuss how they will work together during the workshop, develop a list of expectations, and learn about the agenda.

This lesson plan focuses on the description of environmental sanitation and the role of individual, household and community to attain environment sanitation.

The focus of this lesson is on the importance of latrine in school, compare actual condition versus standard of latrine. This lesson plan also describes on the proper operation and timely maintenance of latrine in school.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced. Each case study is in a “Question and Answer” format.

CAWST’s Latrine Program Implementation Case Studies give detailed overviews of different latrine programs. Each case study describes how the implementer(s) addressed seven components of latrine programs, and what challenges they have faced.

This lesson introduces the five components of a sanitation system to properly manage human excreta. Participants learn about sanitation systems and discuss why the entire system must be addressed to ensure safe and sustainable sanitation.

This lesson defines sanitation. It also explains the difference between sanitation, environmental sanitation and ecological sanitation.

This lesson introduces zoonotic diseases related to animal excreta and the importance of animal excreta management. Three different participatory activities are given as options for participants to learn about different diseases, their transmission routes and prevention methods.

This lesson introduces common disease vectors related to environmental sanitation. The focus is placed on mosquito and rodent control.

Participants explore the different ways that water can become contaminated, diseases caused by water contaminants, and explain the different types of pathogens.

This lesson explains the differences between blackwater, greywater, and overflow water. It focuses on the proper management of greywater and overflow water to protect public health and the environment. A demonstration is used to visually show what greywater looks like and how it is separated using a grease trap. For blackwater management, see Lesson Plan: Human Excreta Management.

This lesson introduces integrated solid waste management and the different stages where intervention activities can be effective, including collection, recycling, composting, burning and final disposal.

The Sanitation Steps for Flood-Prone Areas is a fun and interactive game that helps people living in flood-prone areas identify appropriate options to improve sanitation in their community. This activity was developed by Engineers Without Borders Australia (EWB) and CAWST. The document includes activity cards and facilitator instructions.

Participants will practice good handwashing technique and learn the most important times to wash hands. Key design features of a handwashing station are discussed. Depending on time, participants can also construct parts of a handwashing station. Instructions on how to build a tippy tap are included.

Participants will discuss the challenges of a household building their own latrines. They will also learn about the main parts of a basic latrine and latrine siting.

This presentation is used to support the Building a Basic Latrine Lesson Plan (CWP). It covers latrine citing, parts and functions of a latrine.

Participants will explore how to evaluate why different sanitation practices are better than others. They will also discuss the advantages and challenges of improving sanitation options

This lesson introduces participants to latrine cleanliness, maintenance activities, and the frequency in which they should occur.

This document includes the sanitation ladder activity and instructions for facilitating the activity. The sanitation ladder activity is a participatory tool to help people to identify options for improving sanitation in their community and realize that this can be a gradual process.

Participants consider their next steps after the workshop. Choose between two options for participants to develop an action plan, to make the best use of their new knowledge and skills.

This lesson introduces the case studies and the exercise book. Participants will understand the purpose and structure of these two documents that they will use throughout the workshop. They will also be given time to read the case study.

This lesson introduces financial transfers in faecal sludge management. Participants learn about different financial flow models for faecal sludge management services. They identify different stakeholders in the faecal sludge management service chain and how they relate to each other from a financial perspective.

This technical brief describes greywater characteristics and simple, low cost options available to manage greywater in the home.

This lesson introduces the value of using faecal sludge (faecal sludge) treatment products. Participants will identify different treatment products and their uses. Participants will also discuss other factors that should be considered when deciding on a use, like health and environmental protection, social acceptance, and market demand.

Participants learn about different manual and mechanized methods to collect faecal sludge from on-site sanitation technologies and transport the faecal sludge for treatment. Through a group discussion or role-play activity the participants experience challenges that are often encountered during faecal sludge collection and transport. As well, they discuss solutions on how the challenges could be overcome.

This lesson looks at what the term faecal sludge treatment means in the sanitation sector. It introduces four treatment objectives: (1) pathogen inactivation, (2) stabilization, (3) dewatering, and (4) nutrient management. The participants also discuss environmental, health, and logistical impacts of the treatment objectives.

This lesson provides an overview of global faecal sludge management (FSM) issues. Participants also identify and discuss local faecal sludge management issues. Participants explore the challenges that contribute to these faecal sludge management issues. An understanding of these issues and challenges prepares the participants to better understand the technologies and solutions they learn in the rest of the workshop.

Introduces the benefits and challenges of using treated fecal sludge for various purposes, including agriculture and energy production. It describes different beneficial uses, along with protective measures to reduce public health and environmental risks.

A field trip gives participants the opportunity to see faecal sludge management in a realistic setting and apply their new knowledge. A field trip can be arranged to observe local latrine designs and fecal sludge characteristics as well as various faecal sludge collection, transport, treatment, use and disposal technologies.

This lesson introduces the sanitation service chain. It focuses on the last three components which encompass faecal sludge management (FSM): (1) collection and transportation of faecal sludge from on-site sanitation technologies, (2) faecal sludge treatment, (3) and use or disposal of faecal sludge. Participants will explore the importance of each component in protecting public health. They will also learn the difference between sewered and non-sewered sanitation systems.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on faecal sludge management. It includes lesson plans, agendas, and guidance on training delivery.

This lesson introduces the importance of an integrated planning approach for faecal sludge management. It provides an overview of the integrated planning process for faecal sludge management. Participants will learn the importance of having an adaptive, innovative, and integrated planning process. Case studies are used to illustrate how integrated planning has been used in different countries.

This lesson introduces the importance of using multiple barriers to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission when managing faecal sludge.

This lesson introduces a rational design approach for faecal sludge management (FSM). It covers all the factors that need to be considered when designing a faecal sludge treatment facility. Participants will focus on two important factors: faecal sludge quantities and characteristics, and the use of treatment products.

This lesson introduces established, transferring, and innovative faecal sludge treatment technologies. These technologies are currently in use for faecal sludge management or could be in the future. Participants learn about the treatment objectives, pathogen inactivation mechanisms, stage of development and treatment products of each technology.

Introduces the importance of managing effluent from fecal sludge treatment to protect public health and the environment. It also gives an overview of technologies available to manage effluent.

This lesson acknowledges the difficulty of implementing a complete sanitation service chain. Participants will develop an incremental improvement plan to reduce faecal transmission routes and implement a sanitation service chain.

This lesson presents an overview of common operation and maintenance challenges of faecal sludge faecal sludge treatment facilities. Participants will brainstorm appropriate solutions to overcome operation and maintenance challenges, including how to prevent receiving industrial sludge. The lesson presents the importance of developing and implementing monitoring programs.

This lesson explains the importance and the challenges of quantifying and characterizing faecal sludge. Participants learn what excreta and faecal sludge are made of. They discuss the key differences between faecal sludge and wastewater characteristics, focusing on faecal sludge variability. The difficulties of quantifying and characterizing faecal sludge are also introduced.

This is a package of all the technical briefs used in the Fecal Sludge Management workshop.

Explains the difference between excreta, fecal sludge and wastewater. It also gives an overview of how to characterize and quantify fecal sludge.

This lesson opens the workshop and sets the tone for the training and learning environment by using a variety of participatory activities. Participants have an opportunity to meet the trainer, host organization and other participants, as well as create their ground rules for how they are expected to work together during the workshop. The trainer has the opportunity to better understand the participant’s background, assess their knowledge and skills, and determine their learning expectations.

Introduces the importance of fecal sludge treatment and explains different treatment objectives. It also gives an overview of emerging and established technologies available to treat fecal sludge.

Explains different ways to inactivate pathogens in fecal sludge, including time, temperature, moisture, pH, and solar radiation.

This lesson introduces the importance of having a specific legal framework for faecal sludge management. Participants discuss common challenges and identify solutions to overcome some of these challenges.

Introduces two fecal sludge disposal options: (1) simple pit and (2) deep row entrenchment. It also gives guidance on how to locate a disposal site to minimize groundwater contamination, and discusses other measures to protect public health.

This lesson is a review of the case studies and exercise books. Groups will present their recommendations for improving their sanitation service chain. Participants provide feedback to the groups based on the risks and opportunities they identify.

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for CAWST and Eawag-Sandec's Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop. This is a two-three day introductory workshop on FSM designed for various sanitation stakeholders. In this workshop, participants will learn about faecal sludge management for low-income communities not connected to a sewer. The workshop provides participants with an overview of technologies for faecal sludge collection, transportation, treatment, and use. It also introduces planning and management of faecal sludge management systemsWorkshop participants may also download the book Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation at www.sandec.ch/fsm_book.

This technical brief focuses on simple and low cost options available to manage overflow water.

This lesson closes the workshop by asking participants to reflect on their learning, conduct a self-assessment, review the learning outcomes, and complete a final evaluation. The workshop certificates are distributed to the participants and closing remarks are made.

This lesson identifies common stakeholders in faecal sludge management. Participants will evaluate the influence and interest of the different stakeholders. They will also discuss different ways of engaging with stakeholders.

This outline describes the content, objectives and audience for CAWST and Eawag-Sandec's workshop: Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management.

This is a workshop report template that will guide you in writing a professional report of your Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management Workshop.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes mechanical dewatering design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This presentation is used in a lesson that: lists the five components of a sanitation service chain, identifies the three components that are called faecal sludge management, explains the difference between non-sewered and sewered sanitation systems, and identifies how faecal sludge management can effectively manage sanitation and protect public health. (Designed for Lesson Plan Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This is the final evaluation template for participants to provide feedback after an Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop.

This participant agenda outlines a 2 day workshop that gives an overview of technologies for faecal sludge collection, transportation, treatment, and use. It also introduces planning and management of faecal sludge management systems.

This is a pre-workshop questionnaire template to find out more about the participants in your Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop.

This participant list template is a tool that will help you keep a database of participant information for your Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management Workshop

This presentation is used in a lesson that: discusses the local and global issues around faecal sludge management and identifies key challenges that contribute to poor faecal sludge management. (Designed for Lesson Plan Local and Global Issues in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This participant agenda outlines a 3 day workshop that gives an overview of technologies for faecal sludge collection, transportation, treatment, and use. It also introduces planning and management of faecal sludge management systems and a field trip to view local faecal sludge management services.

This participant agenda outlines a 3 day workshop that gives an overview of technologies for faecal sludge collection, transportation, treatment, and use. It also introduces planning and management of faecal sludge management systems.

This is a template for displaying the final results of your participant evaluations for your Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop.

This group of fact sheets includes all the faecal sludge treatment technology fact sheets

This presentation is used in a lesson that: identifies stakeholders involved in financial transfers in faecal sludge management, lists different types of financial transfers that play a role in faecal sludge management, identifies different financial flow models for faecal sludge management, and discusses the complexity of stakeholders and financial interactions in faecal sludge management. (Designed for Lesson Plan Financial Transfers in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This presentation is used in a lesson that: describes the roles of CAWST and Eawag-Sandec in developing the Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop. (Designed for Lesson Plan Workshop Opening in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This presentation is used in a lesson that: identifies common operational challenges of faecal sludge treatment facilities, discusses the importance of a monitoring plan to ensure a faecal sludge treatment facility is operating as designed, and discusses methods of ensuring that industrial sludge is not discharged at faecal sludge treatment facilities. (Designed for Lesson Plan Operation and Maintenance in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This presentation is used in a lesson that: describes faecal sludge collection and transport process from a household to a treatment facility, identifies suitable faecal sludge collection and transport methods for the local context, and identifies challenges and solutions for improving faecal sludge collection and transport. (Designed for Lesson Plan Collection and Transport in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes pelletizing design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes anaerobic digestion design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes alkaline treatment design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes ammonia treatment design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This presentation is used in a lesson that: identifies the characteristics of excreta and faecal sludge, explains the difference between faecal sludge and wastewater characteristics, explains the variability of faecal sludge characteristics, and discusses the difficulties in reliable faecal sludge quantification and characterization. (Designed for Lesson Plan Quantification and Characterization in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This presentation is used in a lesson that: discusses the importance of integrated planning for faecal sludge management, discusses what is included in the planning process for faecal sludge management, and identifies three key characteristics of a planning framework for faecal sludge management. (Designed for Lesson Plan Integrated Planning in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes incineration design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes co-composting design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This presentation is used in a lesson that: analyzes risks and barriers to improve faecal sludge management within a community, and develops an incremental improvement plan, including first and later steps. (Designed for Lesson Plan Integrated Planning in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes settling thickening technology design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This presentation is used in a lesson that: discusses the risks of faecal sludge management in relation to public health, identifies ways to reduce the risks of faecal sludge management, and explains the importance of using multiple barriers for risk reduction. (Designed for Lesson Plan Risk Management in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes plant pond design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes vermicomposting design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes black soldier fly larvae design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes vermifilter design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes storage design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes thermal drying design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This presentation is used in a lesson that: identifies different treatment objectives, relates the environmental, health and logistics impacts to each treatment objective, lists seven ways pathogens can be inactivated, discusses the challenges in monitoring pathogen inactivation from faecal sludge. (Designed for Lesson Plan Treatment Objectives in the Faecal Sludge Management Trainer Manual.)

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes fish pond design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes unplanted drying bed design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes planted drying bed design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes deep row entrenchment design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This faecal sludge treatment fact sheet describes co-treatment with wastewater design, operation, treatment products, and treatment objectives.

This is a package of all the technical briefs used in the Environmental Sanitation workshop.

Bury your garbage and dispose of wastewater properly.

Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Presentation Cover

Use and maintain your latrine to prevent illness.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on environmental sanitation. It includes lessons plans and guidance on training delivery.

This technical brief describes how to treat waste through recycling, composting and incineration. It discusses hazardous waste, menstrual hygiene waste as well as solid waste attitudes.

This presentation describes the different types of domestic wastewater and the ways to manage each type. (Designed for Lesson Plan 15 in the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This presentation describes local and global sanitation issues and how poor sanitation is connected to the cycle of poverty. (Designed for Lesson Plan 4 in the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of animal excreta contamination in a community.

These forms are used to evaluate the risk of environmental sanitation contamination in a community. It includes forms for animal excreta management, domestic wastewater management, excreta management, hygiene practices, public facilities, solid waste management and vector control.

This technical brief describes basic designs and how to calculate the size of a pit or trench using design tables and by hand.

Participants build a toilet from a plastic bucket for people to sit on during defecation (also called a seat or pedestal). The toilet may be urine-diverting.

This is an optional practical lesson. Participants practice basic skills in latrine pit lining and footing construction. A number of practical options are available. Select the options based on the designs that will be most appropriate to the local context and where the participants are working.

This lesson explains the differences between blackwater, greywater and overflow water. It focuses on the proper management of greywater and overflow water to protect public health and the environment. A demonstration is used to visually show what greywater looks like and how it is separated using a grease trap.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 37 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This technical brief describes how to manage wastewater in the home, including greywater, blackwater and overflow water. The document describes the use of grease traps, soak pits and surface water drainage.

Participants bring together and apply their knowledge about latrine design. They are given a scenario for which they design an appropriate sanitation system. Options are given for participants to create their own scenario or for the trainer to select pre-written scenarios.

Participants learn about different latrine slab designs and materials. They discuss the advantages and limitations of each design to help decide what design might be best for their project. Safety will be discussed as a key component of slab design.

Describes the factors affecting how quickly latrine pits fill up, and how to calculate an appropriate pit size (dimensions).

Participants test the strength of the latrine slabs they have previously constructed. Instructions are given for concrete slabs, and wood or bamboo slabs.

Describes the factors affecting how quickly holding tanks fill up, and how to calculate an appropriate tank size (dimensions).

This lesson introduces pathogens and diseases related to poor sanitation. Participants will play the Transmission Routes activity to discover how pathogens are transmitted and how sanitation can prevent the transmission.

Participants construct a latrine superstructure using locally available materials.

Participants consider their next steps after the workshop. Two options are given for participants to develop an action plan to make the best use of their new knowledge and skills.

Participants learn how to construct a wood or bamboo slab. They will also discuss construction safety and know what to do in an emergency.

This lesson introduces the factors that affect the design and selection of sanitation technologies. Participants are given their Sanitation System Design Workbooks, which they will use during the workshop to design a sanitation system appropriate for their project. The focus is on designing the latrine components of the sanitation system, and will briefly address sludge treatment, use and disposal.

Participants discover the connection between sanitation and poverty. Participants will also discuss local sanitation issues and put them into a global context. An understanding of the sanitation issues prepares the participants to better understand the solutions they learn in the rest of the workshop.

Participants will use the Sanitation Ladder activity to discover how some sanitation practices and latrines are better than others. They will discuss the advantages and challenges of building a latrine higher up on the ladder, and where is best for new latrine users to start on the ladder. As well, participants will discuss incremental improvements that can be made within an entire sanitation system.

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on latrine design and construction. It includes lesson plans and guidance on training delivery.

Describes a biogas reactor to store and treat excreta.

Presents all the differenet types of latrines to store excreta

Participants are introduced to the main parts of a latrine, the function of each part, and why they are important. This lesson emphasizes the need for common terminology and introduces the words that will be used throughout the rest of the workshop.

This lesson introduces a framework to implement a sustainable and successful sanitation project. A familiar product, like a mobile phone, is used to illustrate how the components of the project framework can be applied. Example sanitation case studies from different regions are also provided to illustrate the project framework. There is an optional activity for participants to share their planned or current project in terms of the project framework. As well, there is an optional activity to discuss how gender fits into the different components of implementing a project.

In this lesson participants discuss what goes into a holding tank. They learn about the factors that contribute to sizing a holding tank and the key information that is needed. An example is worked through as a large group and practice questions may be done individually.

Participants learn about user-focused design in sanitation systems. Participants will identify different user groups and considerations for an inclusive latrine design.

Latrine Design and Construction Workshop Outline

Participants learn about how to properly site a latrine by following general rules. Concepts include how pathogens from latrines can contaminate groundwater and how to minimize the risk through latrine design and location. Other factors such as physical space, pit size, and user needs and preferences are also taken into consideration when siting a latrine.

Participants learn how to construct three concrete latrine slabs, including a reinforced slab dome slab and SanPlat. They will also discuss construction safety, in particular the hazards of working with cement, and know what to do in an emergency.

Participants discover the parts and characteristics of a good superstructure. They also discuss appropriate and locally available materials for building the different parts of a superstructure.

This is the final evaluation template for participants to provide feedback for CAWST's Latrine Design and Construction Workshop.

Outlines factors to consider when selecting or designing latrines that will be appropriate for a household or community. It also explains the concept of user focused design and why it is a useful way to design latrines.

Participants learn how to determine the latrine pit and slab diameters based on the space needed for a person to dig. They also learn safe methods to excavate a latrine pit under normal conditions and in challenging conditions, such as high groundwater or unstable soil.

This lesson defines sanitation. It also explains the difference between sanitation, environmental sanitation and ecological sanitation.

This lesson introduces the five components of a sanitation system to properly manage human excreta. Participants learn about sanitation systems and discuss why the entire system must be addressed to ensure safe and sustainable sanitation.

In this lesson participants will get comfortable talking about sanitation. This lesson is extremely important to get the participants to easily talk about feces, urine and defecation for the rest of the workshop. People are often uncomfortable saying words related to feces or defecation.

Describes a Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine to store excreta.

This lesson introduces participants to the importance of sizing a pit latrine. They learn about the factors that contribute to sizing a latrine pit and the key information that is needed. Three options are given to size a latrine pit based on the numeracy level of the participants.

Participants discuss different toilet options, and the needs and preferences of different user groups to ensure that toilets are accessible and easy to use. As well, they identify key questions to consider when designing appropriate toilets. Participants will design a toilet by the end of this lesson.

This lesson is an introduction to treatment, use and disposal of excreta for the purpose of designing an entire sanitation system. Participants learn about ecosanitation and using treated excreta as a valuable product in agriculture. Participants discuss ways to encourage the social acceptance of using human excreta. They also learn different ways to safely dispose of excreta.

This is a workshop report template that will guide you in writing a professional report of your Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

Participants will practice good handwashing technique and learn the most important times to wash hands. Key design features of a handwashing station are discussed. Depending on time, participants can also construct parts of a handwashing station.

A partial or full lining of every latrine pit is important to prevent the pit from collapsing. This lesson plan identifies five design rules to follow when lining a latrine pit. Participants will also discuss the advantages and limitations of different materials that are locally available to line a latrine pit.

This is a template for displaying the final results of your participant evaluations for your Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

Describes a septic tank to store and partially treat excreta.

This lesson opens the workshop and sets the tone for the training and learning environment by using a variety of participatory activities. Participants have an opportunity to meet the trainer, host organization and other participants, as well as create their ground rules for how they are expected to work together during the workshop. The trainer has the opportunity to better understand the participant’s background, assess their knowledge and skills, and determine their learning expectations.

Participants learn about manual and motorized methods to empty latrines and transport sludge. Focus is placed on protecting the health and safety of pit emptiers and the broader community when emptying latrines. This lesson plan presents several optional activities that can be used depending on time limitations and participant needs.

Participants practice basic skills in latrine pit lining and footing construction. They work in groups to excavate rectangular and circular latrine pits. They will partially line the pits with bricks or blocks.

Explains how to excavate and line pits, and discusses how to construct slabs, toilets and superstructures. It provides detailed instructions for constructing reinforced concrete slabs, dome slabs and SanPlats.

Describes a latrine that uses removable containers to hygienically collect excreta.

Describes a latrine pit to store excreta

Describes a latrine holding tank (also called a cesspit or a sealed pit, tank or chamber) to store excreta.

This is a short questionnaire to give your participants before the workshop so that you can better prepare for the Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

Provides an overview of latrine pits, tanks and chambers. Discusses possible modifications and design considerations for each.

This trainer agenda outlines a 5-day Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

This lesson uses a role play activity to introduce the challenges that many women and girls have in managing their menstrual hygiene, and the impacts on their health and education. Participants will identify solutions to meet the menstrual hygiene needs of women and girls at home and in school. This can be a sensitive topic to address, especially for traditional cultures or religions where menstruation is a taboo topic and with a mixed group of male and female participants. The trainer needs to be professional and confident when discussing menstrual hygiene management to help make the environment comfortable and respectful for men and women.

Participants create a random scenario and then identify potential sanitation options that include the first three components of the sanitation system: user experience, excreta storage, emptying and transportation. The Matrix Scoring Tool is then used to evaluate and select the most appropriate option for the scenario.

This lesson closes the workshop by having participants reflect on their learning, conduct a self-assessment, review the learning outcomes, and complete a final evaluation. The workshop certificates are distributed to the participants and closing remarks are made.

This lesson introduces participants to the latrine cleanliness, maintenance activities, and the frequency with which they should occur.

Provides an introduction to the parts of a latrine that users interact with daily. Includes an overview of technology options and design considerations for the toilet, slab, superstructure, latrine accessories and handwashing station. Discusses design considerations for making latrines easy to use for various users, including children, the elderly and people with illnesses or disabilities.

This lesson enables participants to identify common latrine problems that they may encounter. They discuss the causes of these problems and identify potential solutions and prevention strategies. Several options are given to facilitate this lesson plan, depending on the time available and level of the participants.

This lesson introduces different excreta storage technologies that are commonly used in developing countries, including latrine pits, tanks and chambers. Participants learn about the basic design and operation of each technology. There is an optional activity to discuss excreta storage in challenging environments.

This trainer agenda outlines a 5-day Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

Provides an introduction to pit emptying, methods available and examples of existing machines or technologies that can be used.

Explains where to site a latrine to avoid groundwater contamination and other potential issues, while keeping it convenient and comfortable for people to use.

Describes an aqua privy latrine tank to store excreta.

Participants discuss the different costs associated with implementing a latrine project. Latrine affordability and willingness to pay are also addressed.

This participant list template is a tool that will help you keep a database of participant information.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 3 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This is a package of all the technical briefs used in the Latrine Design and Construction workshop.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 20 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 18 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 9 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 5 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 22 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 4 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

Outlines various latrines or latrine modifications that can be used in challenging environments, such as in areas of frequent flooding, high groundwater, on/over water, in ground that cannot be excavated, cold climates, or fragile or remote environments.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 21 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 16 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This presentation is designed to support Lesson Plan 12 in the Latrine Design and Construction Trainer Manual.

This technical brief describes considerations and recommendations for implementing sanitation facilities in schools.

A video recording of the online training session on October 23, 2014 - Introduction to Environmental Sanitation. This webinar also serves as an introduction to CAWST's new environmental sanitation resources.

This technical brief describes diseases related to animal excreta and how to properly treat, use and dispose of animal excreta.

This technical brief describes how to compost, options for composting bins and how to use compost. It also describes vermicomposting and contains a section on troubleshooting.

This technical brief describes what environmental sanitation is and its importance along with describing a project framework for environmental sanitation implementation.

This technical brief describes what vectors are, the diseases that they spread and how to control vectors, specifically mosquitos, flies and rodents.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of contamination in a community from hygiene practices.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of contamination from vectors such as flies, mosquitos, and rodents.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of wastewater contamination in a community.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of human excreta contamination in a community.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of contamination in a community from the condition and use of public facilities.

This participant list template is a tool that will help you keep a database of participant information.

This presentation describes the purpose of project frameworks and the five components of successful project frameworks. (Designed for Lesson Plan 9 in the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This questionnaire can be handed out at the end of the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation workshop to give the trainer constructive feedback on the workshop.

This presentation describes benefits of latrines in households in rural Benin. (Designed for Lesson Plan 21 in Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This is a workshop report template that will guide you in writing a professional report of your Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Workshop.

This is a short questionnaire to give your participants before the workshop so that you can better prepare for the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation workshop.

This participant agenda outlines a 2 day workshop that gives an overview of all aspects of environmental sanitation.

This is a template for displaying the final results of your participant evaluations for Introduction to Environmental Sanitation.

This presentation describes what is meant by environmental sanitation, and how it differs from other types of sanitation. (Designed for Lesson Plan 3 in the Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Workshop Outline

This participant agenda outlines a 2.5 day workshop that gives an overview of all aspects of environmental sanitation and gives participants practical experience with environmental sanitation inspections.

This presentation describes types of vectors, why they should be controlled, and different controlling mechanisms. (Designed for Lesson Plan 16 in Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This trainer agenda outlines a 2.5 day workshop that gives an overview of all aspects of environmental sanitation and gives participants practical experience with environmental sanitation inspections.

This trainer agenda outlines a 2 day workshop that gives an overview of all aspects of environmental sanitation.

This environmental sanitation inspection form is used to evaluate the risk of contamination of water sources in a community from solid waste.

This presentation describes pathogens, the transmission routes of disease, and how environmental sanitation can help prevent the spread of disease. (Designed for Lesson Plan 5 in Introduction to Environmental Sanitation Trainer Manual)

This document includes the three pile sorting activity and instructions for facilitating the activity. The three pile sorting activity is a participatory tool to help a group of people discuss common water, sanitation and hygiene practices and beliefs.

These instructions explain how to facilitate the transmission routes activity with a group of people.

This document includes the animal excreta transmission routes activity and instructions for facilitating the activity. The animal excreta transmission routes activity is a participatory tool to educate people about how feces from animals can make us sick. The tool also helps a group of people to identify how to stop the transmission of diseases related to animal excreta.

This document includes the transmission routes activity and instructions for facilitating the activity. The transmission routes activity is a participatory tool to educate people about how feces can make us sick. The tool also helps a group of people to identify how to stop the transmission of water-related diseases.

These instructions explain how to facilitate the animal excreta transmission routes activity with a group of people.

Keep your well safe by placing your latrine downhill and far away from your well.

This poster presentation can be used as a participatory learning tool by Community Health Promoters (CHP) in a variety of situations to: • Teach about safe water, hygiene and sanitation practices in general; • Introduce new household water treatment technologies; • Train people how to operate and maintain their household water treatment technology; and • Reinforce messages about household water treatment, hygiene and sanitation on a return visit to a household.

These instructions explain how to facilitate the three pile sorting activity with a group of people.

These instructions explain how to facilitate the sanitation ladder activity with a group of people.

There are water, sanitation and hygiene practices that will protect your family.